Drainage means for water-supply systems.



No. 746,115. PATENTED DEC. 8, 1903.

R. F. LINDSAY. I DRAINAGE MEANS FOR WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 15, 1901.

N0 MODEL.

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' R, P. LINDSAY.

DRAINAGE MEANS FOR WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS. APPLIOATION FILED FEB. 15,1901. N0 MODEL. 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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DRAINAGE MEANS FOR WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS.

APPLICATION PILEDPEB. 15. 1901.

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IEIVENTORJI I f UNITED STATES.

Patented December 8, 1903.

PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT F. LI DSAY, OFT GREENVILLE, SOUTH OAROLINA, AssIeN'OR TO SAMUELo. KOONOE, OF 'OLARKsvILLE, PENNSYLVANIA, A D JOHN s. LESLIE, or sHARON,PENNSYLVANIA.

DRAINAGE MEANS FOR WATER-SUPPLY SYSTEMS.

.SPECIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 746,115, datedDecember 1903- Applioation filed February 15, 1901. Serial Fri 47,400.(No mode1.) I i To all whom/it may concern: v

Be it-known that 1, ROBERT F. LINDSAY, a citizen of the UnitedStates,residing at Green:

ville, in the county of Greenvilleand State of South Carolina, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvementsin Drainage Means forWater-Supply Systems; and I do declare. the following to be a full,clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains' service-pipe of thesystem when the temperat-ure has dropped to a predetermined point, so asthereby to prevent freezing of the water in said pipe; and the inventionconsists in certain novel com binations of elements and in certainpeculiarities in the detail construction of parts embodied in thesystem, substantially as hereinafter described, and particularly pointedout in the subjoined claims.

A principal object of the present invention is to'provide a system whichwill not onlyinclude means for automatically shutting ofi the supply ofwater to the service-pipe-and draining said pipe when the temperaturefalls below a predetermined point, but will also include means by whichthe valves of the system may be temporarily restored to their normalpositions, so as to enable water to be drawn from the service-pipe foruse when the temperature-is below that at which the cutoff and drain isset to operate, and will, furthermore, include means by which theflushing-tanloot a water-closet embraced in the system will be drainedof its contents at the same time said service-pipe is drained.

Further objectsof the invention are to improve thecons'truction of theparts entering into the system.

v These objects are accomplished by the constructions shown in theaccompanying drawings, wherein like numerals of reference designate thesame parts in the several figures, and in which Figurel is a viewillustrating the entire Fig. 4 is a vertical section through the cutoffand drain with the parts thereof in the positions they occupy when thesystem is in service. Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view of thecylinder and plunger used for opening the drain-pipe of the closetflush-tank, show- ;ing the plunger in the position it occupies when saidpipe is closed. Fig. 6 is a sectional view of a modified form of devicefor draining said flush-tank, showing the posi- Etion of the plungerwhen the pipe isbeing drained thereby. Fig. 7 is a sectionalview .ofamodified form of cut-01f and drain valve with the parts shown in theposition they occupy when the supply of water to the service-pipe isopen and the drain-port from said pipe cutoff. Fig. 8 is a'sectionalview of a further modified form of cut-off and drain I valve, showingthe positionof the parts when the drain-port is open and the communica-.tion between the supply and service pipes is cut ofl. Fig. 9 is asectional view of the form shown in Fig. 8, but shows'the positions ofcommunication between the supply and service pipes is open. Fig. 10 is adetail view of the faucet-valve, which ad mits air to the service-pipeto assist .in draining the same.

Referring now to the drawings, there is shown a water-supply systemincluding a service-pipe 5, with which is connected a watersupply pipe 6through the medium of an automatic cut-off and drain apparatus (showngenerally at 7) and which is connected with the supply-pipe 6 by meansofthe usual pipe connections. The cut-OE and drain mechanism is operatedto permit its function through the medium of a thermostat 8, which isconnected therewith, and the system also includes a means (indicatedgenerally at 9) which is in communication with the servicethe parts whenthe drain-port is closed and pipe 5 and by which the valve 11 in theflushtank 12 is raised from its seat to drain said tank when theservice-pipe is being drained, as hereinafter described.

In the construction of cutoff and drain shown in Fig. 4 there isembraced a cylinder 13, in which is located a piston 14, having a stemor red 15, which extends downward through an opening 16 in the lower endof said cylinder and into adrainage-chamber 17, from which theservice-pipe 5 leads. Said opening 16 is of greater diameter than therod 15, though of lesser diameter than the piston, so that water mayflow from the cylinder into the drainage-chamber. A valve 18 is carriedby said piston-rod and is located in said drainage-chamber, and thelower end of said rod is formed to provide a valve 19, which is locatedadjacent to a port 20 in said drainage-chamber. It will thus be seenthat when the piston is raised it will cause the opening 16 to be closedby the valve 18 and the drainage-port 20 to be opened by the valve 19and that when said piston is lowered the former opening will beuncovered and the drainage-port closed. The action of the piston iscontrolled as follows: The supply-pipe 6 opensinto a supply-chamber21,which communicates with the portion of the cylinder 13 below the piston14 through an opening 22, formed in the side of the lower end of saidcylinder, and communicates with the portion of said cylinder above saidpiston through an opening 23, a valve-chamber 24, and an opening 25.Said valve-chamber 24 has valveseats 26 and 27 at its top and bottom,respectively, and said opening is formed in the upper portion of thecylinder 13 and is located between the plane of said valve-seats. Risingfrom said valve-chamber is a casing 28, which has a vent-port 29, andarranged in said valve-chamber is a spherical or other suitable valve30, which is adapted to alter- .nately engage said valve-seats 26 and27.

Said valve is carried by a stem 31, which is encircled by a helicalspring 32, which is confined between the top of the casing 28 and anabutment 33, fixed on said stem. Normally the valve is held elevated toits seat 27 by the means hereinafter described, and when relieved of theupholding force it is pressed down to its seat 26 by the spring 32.

When the valve is in its normal position, (shown in Fig. 4,) the waterwill flow from the supply-pipe 6 into the cylinder 13 through the ports22 and 25 in the latter, and there will be a preponderance of downwardpressure imposed thereby which will act to hold the port 17 open and thedrainage-port 2O closed. \Vhen, however, the valve 30 is low- Apreponderance of pressure will thus be imposed beneath the piston 14,which will cause the same and the valves carried thereby to be lifted,thereby closing the port 17 and shutting off further supplyof water tothe service-pipe 5 and at the same time lifting the drainage-valve 19and permitting the contents of the service-pipe to be drained therefromthrough the drainage-port 20. The water in the portion of the cylinder13 above the piston 14 finds its Way to the outside of the device whilesaid piston is being raised through the openings 25, 27, and 29, abovereferred to.

It is desirable to admit air to the servicepipe while the latter isbeing drained to facilitate drainage thereof. A very desirable means forthis purpose, which, however, is not claimed per se herein, is shown inFig. 1. In said figure the faucet 34 of the kitchensink 35 is soconstructed that it may be used for the ordinary purposes of such afaucet and embodies means for automatically admitting air to saidservice-pipe, as stated. The faucet comprises a common form of casing36, having the horizontally-disposed diaphragm 37, which divides thebody of the faucet into two chambers 38 and 3S, and leading into thecharm her 38 is a threaded valve-stem 40, having engagement with thethreads of the opening 41 in the upper wall of the chamber. The stem 40has a transverse handle 41 of usual form at its upper end, and at itslower end and within the chamber 38 is a disk 42, secured thereto in anysuitable manner. Said disk is adapted to directly engage the valve 43 ofthe faucet to press it into its closed position in the valve-seat 44 tocontrol the opening 45 in the diaphragm 37. The valve 43 comprises aninverted frusto-conical body having a radially-extending flange 46 atits upper major end and of such diameter as to rest upon the valve-seat44 or upon the diaphragm adjacent the opening 45, said flange having anannular groove in its under face in which is seated a washer 47 toinsure a water-tight joint. The lateral dimensions ofthe valve are suchthat when lowered it will fit snugly in the opening 45, and when it israised from its seat there will be presenled a space sufficient to allowa free flow of water to the chamber39. A passage 48is formed verticallythrough the valve 43, and the lower end ofsaid passage is increased indiameter to form a valve-chamber 49, in which is disposed a ballvalve50,which in.rising closes the passage 48, the ball being held againstdownward displacement from the chamber bya pin 51. Thus when pressure isin the pipe 6 the ballwill be held in iisclosed position. and whenpressure is relieved, as byoperation of the cnt-off and drain RDOXYGdescribed, the ball will drop and will permit air to enter theservice-pipe through the passage 48 in the valve. In order that theremay be a free flow of air to the passage 48 when the disk 42 is upon theupper face of the valve 42, said upper face is formed with a series ofconcentric grooves52, connected by radial grooves 53, which extendthrough the outer edge of. the valve. It will of course be understoodthat the valve is closed by downward movement of the stem 40 and isopened by water-pressure exerted against its under side when said stemis raised.

In Fig. 1 of the drawings the system is also I the closet-bowl is theflushing-pipe 57. The

the draining of the service-pipe 5.

,rod 61 extended through the top of the cylinder and connected with thelever 58 by a chain 62 or other suitable means. A helical spring 63encircles the piston-rod and rests withits ends against the piston andthe upper end of the cylinder, respectively, and tends to hold thepiston in a lowered position. The connection of the cylinder with theservice-pipe is below this piston, and the water-pressure on said pistonholds the pistonagainst the tendency of the spring, the result beingthat the chain 62 is held slack and does not prevent manual operation ofthe lever 58 when the system is in service. When, however, the pressurein said service-pipe is relieved, the piston moves under the influenceof its spring and drawing upon the chain 62 operates through saidleverto open the valve 11, and thus drains the tank through the pipe 57. v

A very advantageous means for automatically controlling the action ofthe valve 30 in the cut-off and drain will now be described. Said meansincludes as a principal element a thermostat 8, secured at a suitableplace and embracinga thermostatic rod of any suitable construction.Arranged contiguous to the free end of said thermostatic rod andsuitably supported in a position preferably perpendicular thereto is asleeve 65, through which extends a longitudinally-movable rod 66, havingits upper end provided with a handle 67 for raising it manually andhaving its lower end connected, preferably by the means hereinafterstated, with the stem 31 of said valve 30, so that when said rod isin'its elevated position said valve will be held to its seat 27, andwhen said rod is lowered the spring 32, encircling said valve, willbecome eifective to force and hold said valve to its seat 26 against thepressure of inflowing wa ter from the supply-pipe 6. The rod 66is heldin its raised position bya catch 68, having one of its ends secured to afixed support, as 69,'and its other end, 70, bent and extended through aperforation 71 in the sleeve and adapted to engage a shoulder or recess72 in the rod 66. A spring 73, connected with said catch, holds thelatter yieldingly in position to engage said shoulder or recess 72 whenthe same is brought'into registry with the end of the catch by theraising of the rod, and said catch is operated automatically to releasethe rod and permit it to drop by the between its ends to the upper endof the valverod 31, and a chain 76 or other suitable connectingmeans'extending from the lower end of saidrod 66 and attached to thelever 74 at a place in the latter between the valve-rod 31 and itsf-reeend.

From the above description of the construction of the system theoperation thereof will readily be understood to be as follows: Undernormal conditi0nsthat is to say, when the temperature is high enough torender freezing of the water in the service-pipe improbable-the valvesof the cut-off and drain will be in the position shown in Fig. 4, sothat water will be permitted to flow freely through said service-pipe.The plunger 60 in the cylinder 59 will be held elevated by the pressureof water exerted against the under side of, the same, thereby holdingthe chain 62 slack and permitting the bowl to be flushed by manualdepression of the free end of the lever 58. The ball-valve 50 in thefancet-valve 43 will be held to its seat by the water-pressure in theservice-pipe, so as to exclude air from said pipe, and the rod 66 willbe held elevated to retain the valve 30 against its seat 27. When thetemperature drops to that at which the thermostat is set to operate thecut-off and drain, its contraction withdraws the catch 68 from itsengagethe service-pipe and causing the latter rapidly to be drained ofits contents. Oonsequent also upon the cessation of the pressure in theservice-pipe the spring 63 becomes operative to force the pistondownward, thus taking up the slack in the chain 62 and pulling downwardthe free end of the lever 58, thereby raising the valve 11 and drainingthe flushingtauk. The parts are now in the position shown in Fig. 1. Ifduring such period of cold weather the use of water is desired, it isonly necessary with the means thus far described to raise the rod 66 andhold it elevated until the required quantity of water has been drawn,the raising of said rod obviously elevating the valve 30 and causing thewater-pressure so to actuate the piston as to throw the supply-pipe intocommunication with the service-pipe and close the drain from said pipe.If said rod 66 be raised at a time when the thermostatic rod is expandeduntil the recess or shoulder 72 in said rod registers with the free endof the catch 68, the latter will immediately snap into engagement withsaid recess or shoulder, and thereby hold said rod elevated until thetemperature again drops to that at which the thermostat is set to shutoff the supply of water to the servicepipe and open the drain-port fromthe latter.

In order that water may be drawn from the service-pipe or flush-tanktemporarily when the system has been thrown out of service by theinfluence of cold weather without going to the thermostat for thispurpose, a pivoted lever 77 may be situated at a suitable place-forinstance, in the water-closet, adjacent to the handle of the chain 58,by which the flushing-lever 58 is actuated manuallysaid lever 77 beingconnected, as by means of a chain 78 passing over a direction-pulley 79,with the down wardly-bent extremity 80 of said lever 74:, so that whenthe free end of said lever 77 is depressed from the position in which itis shown in Fig. 1 it will cause the valve-rod 31 to be elevated and thevalve 30 to be raised to its seat 27.

This invention is not restricted to the specific construction of partsherein shown and described, as various modifications therein may be madewithout departing from the spirit of the invention. A few of the manymodifications which are within the scope of the invention are shown inthe accompanying drawings and will now be described.

In the form of device for draining the flushing-tank shown in Fig. 5there is no provision for adjusting the tension of the spring which actsin opposition to the pressure of the water in the service-pipe. Atension-adjusting means for said spring is obviously advantageous, and asuitable form thereof is shown in Fig. 6, wherein the cylinder is shownas provided with a cap 159, threaded thereupon and having a threadedbore into which screws the lower end of an externallythreaded sleeve160, that bears upon the upper end of the spring 163 and is adjustablethrough said cap to regulate the tension of the spring. The piston-rod161 extends through said sleeve, as shown. A lock-nut 162 may beprovided for fixing the sleeve 160 in adjusted position.

Fig. 7 illustrates a form of double valve which may be substituted forthe cut-off and drain valves 18 and 19 shown in Fig. 4c, and said doublevalve consists of two cones or cone-surfaces, of which the upper, 1 18,controls the opening 117, through which the cylinder 113 (in which thepiston connected with said valves is located) has communication with thed rainage-chamber 116, and the lower conical surface 119 of said valvecontrols the drainage-port 120 in said chamber.

In Figs. 8 and 9 there is shown a modified construction wherein atrip-valve 118 is provided for closing the drain-port in lieu of thevalves shown in the other forms of the device, and the drainage-chamberis shown as closed at the bottom by a cap 125, having a lateralport 126.The downwardly-extending stem 10 of the valve 16 extends into a tubularprojection 11S from said trip-valve, and said projection has anelongated slot 118 in its wall into which a pin or pins 118 extend fromsaid stem 16 A seat 118 is provided for the valvefor example, near theupper end of the cap 125, as shown. In the normal position of the parts(shown in Fig. 9) the valve 3O will be upon the seat 27 and water willbe permitted to flow from the supplypipe through the openings 25 and 22above and below the plane of the piston-head, and a preponderance ofdownward pressure will exist which will hold the valve 16 from its seatand the valve 118 to its seat, whereby the service-pipe will be incommunication with the supply-pipe and the drain-port will be closed.When, however, the valve 3O is lowered to its seat 26, in which positionit is shown in Fig. 8, the supply of water through the upper port 25will be cut off, thus shifting the balance of pressure and causingit t0preponderate in an upward direction, raising the valve 16 to its seat,and when the pin 118" has reached the upper end of the slot 118 causingit to lift the valve 118 from its seat, thus opening the drain at aboutthe moment the communication between the supply and service pipes is cutoft. At the moment the valve 30 is again raised to its seat 27 thepreponderance of pressure is again shifted and the drain-port is quicklyclosed by the valve 118, which may reach its seat before the valve 16has reached its lower limit of travel.

It will be observed that the ports 22 and 25 are in direct communicationwith the supply passage or chamber 21 and that the cylinder 13 hascommunication with said supply chamber or passage only through saidports and also that the cut-off and drainage valves are both located andoperate wholly within the drainage-chamber. By this particularconstruction and arrangement of parts the device is of the simplestconstruction and the valves and piston caused to respond most readily tothe changes in pressure above noted.

Having thus described the invention, what I believe to be new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a water-supply system, the combination with a water-containingreceptacle. having a valved exit-opening, means for supplying saidreceptacle with water, and means for draining said supply means, ofmeans controlled by the pressure in the supply means for draining saidreceptacle automatically, comprehending essentially devices 0perativelyconnected with the valve of said receptacle and so related to thepressure in the supply means as to open said valve when said pressure isreduced or ceases.

2. In a water-supply system, the combination with a water-containingreceptacle, having a valved exit-opening, means for supplying saidreceptacle with water, comprising a supply-pipe, a service-pipe havingcommunication with said supply-pipe and receptacle,

and a combined cut-oft and drain valve in said service-pipe havingtemperature-controlled means for operating it automatically, of meanscontrolled by the pressure in said service-pipe for draining saidreceptacle automatically, comprehending essentially a device operativelyconnected with the valve of said receptacle and so related to thepressure in the service-pipe as to open said valve when said pressure isreduced or ceases.

3. The combination with a water closet flushing-tank and a valvedflushing-pipe lead-- ing'theret'rom, of means for supplying said tankwith Water, and devices exposed to the pressure of water in the supplymeans and connect-ed with the valve in said flnshing-pipe so as to opensaid valve when the pressure in the supply means is reduced or ceases.

4. The combination with a water closet flushing-tank, a flushing-pipeleading therefrom, and a valve for said pipe, of means for supplying,said tank with water, a device exposed to the pressure in the supplymeans and connected with said valve so as to open the same automaticallywhen said pressure is reduced or ceases, and means for opening saidvalve by hand when there is pressure in the supply means.

5. In a water-supply system, thecombination with a service-pipe,meansoperable to cut off supply of water to said pipe and open adrain-port from the same, a closet flushingtank in communication withsaid pipe,and a flushing-pipe leading from said tank, of a valvecontrolling the opening to said flushing-pipe, devices connected withsaid valve and operable manually to raise and lower the same, and meansconnected with said devices and controlled by reduction of pressure inthe service-pipe to actuate said devices and open said valveautomatically.

6. In a water-supply system, the combination with a service-pipe,devices operable to cut oif supply to said pipe and open a drainportfrom the same, a closet flushing-tank in communication with said pipeand a flushing-pipe leading from said tank, of a valve controlling theopening to said pipe, a pivoted lever connected with said valve andoperable manually to raise and lower the same, a reciprocatory devicecontrolled in its movement by pressure in the service-pipe, and aconnecting device between said lever and reciprocatory device, saidconnecting device being adapted to permit manual operation of the leverwhen the reciprocatory device is at one position of its travel and toactuate said lever during the travel of said reciprocatory device in onedirection, to open the valve automatically when the service-pressure isreduced or ceases. p 7. In a water-supply system, the combination with aservice-pipe, and devices operable to cut 05 su ppl y of water-to saidpipe and open a drain-port therefrom, of a water-containing tank havinga valved opening,,and a piston controlled by service-pressure andconnected with the valve of said opening so as to open the same whensaid pressure is reduced or ceases.

8. In a water-supply system, the combination with a service-pipe, anddevices operable to cut off supply of water'to said pipe and open adrain-port therefrom, of a water-containing tank having a valvedopening,a piston upheld by service-pressure and connected with the valveof said opening, and a spring engaging said piston and adapted todepress the same and thereby open said valve when said pressureisreduced or ceases.

9. In a water-supply system, the combination with a service-pipe, meansoperable to cut ofif supply of water to said pipe and open a drain-portfrom the same, a closet flushingtank in communication with said pipe,and a flushing-pipe leading from said tank, of a valve controlling theopening to said flushingpipe, a manually-operable lever connected withsaid valve, anda piston actuated, when the pressure in the service-pipeis reduced or ceases, to operate said lever and raise said valveautomatically.

10. In a water-supply system, the combination with a service-pipe, meansoperable to cut off supply of water to said pipe and open a draintherefrom, a closet flushing-tank in communication with said pipe, and aflushingpipe leading from said tank, of a valve controlling the openingto said flushing-pipe, a man ually-operable lever connected with saidvalve, a piston-exposed to service-pressure and upheld thereby, a springpressing said piston in opposition to said pressure, and a flexibleconnection between said lever. I

11. In a water-supply system, the combinapiston and tion with serviceand supply pipes, of a combined cut-off and drain having itscasingconnected with said pipes,athermostat connected with the cut-off anddrain for operating the same, a tank, a drain from the tank, a valve forclosing the drain, said valve being adapted to lie normally in itsclosed position, a piston sustained by service-pipe pressure and havingconnection with the tank valve, and means for moving the piston to openthe tankvalve when the pressure is reduced.

12. In a water-supply system, the combination with a service-pipe and asupply-pipe, of a combined cut-oft and drain valve comprising a casingdisposed in connection with said pipes, a piston in said casing, saidsupplypipe having normally communication with the casing at both sidesof the piston, and means for cutting olf the supply-pipe pressure fromone side of the piston, to move the piston to close the cut-0E and openthe drain.

13. A combined cut-off and drain, comprising a casing including acylinder and a drainage-chamber having a communicating opening, a pistonin the cylinder, valves disposed in the drainage-chamber and connectedwith the piston for movement thereby to open and close thedrainage-chamber and the opening between it and the cylinder, asupply-chamber adapted for connection of a supply-pipe therewith, saidsupply-chamber having openings communicating it normally with thecylinder at both sides of the piston therein, and a valve constructedand arranged for cutting off the water-supply from the supply-chamber tothe cylinder at the upper side of the piston, to actuate the piston, toopen the drain-valve and close the communication between the cylinderand drain-chamber.

14. A combined cut-off and drain, com prising a casing including acylinder and a drainage-chamber, said drainage-chamber having adrain-port and said cylinderhaving an opening through which itcommunicates with said drainchamber, a piston in said cylinder, drainand cut-ofi valves for said port and opening respectively, said valvesbeing carried by the piston and both located in the drainage-chamber,whereby the raising of said piston opens the drain-port and closes saidcommunicating opening and vice versa, a supply-chamber adapted fordirect communication with the supply-pipe, two lateral ports located inthe cylinder-wall above and below said piston and both having directcommunication with said supply-chamber and said chamber being constantlyin communication with said cylinder through the lower of said ports, anda valve which controls the admission of water from the supply-chamber tothe upper of said ports, whereby when both ports are in communicationwith the supply-chamber the water will flow directly from thesupply-pipe to the portions of the cylinder both above and below thepiston and will hold the cut-01f valve open and the drainvalve closed,and when water is admitted to the lower side only of said piston thelatter will be raised to cut off communication to the service-port andopen the drain-port.

15. A cut-oi? and drain comprising acylinder and a drainage-chamberhaving a communicating opening, said drainage-chamber having adrain-port, a piston in the cylinder and having a rod passed into thedrainagechamber to close the drain-opening, a valve upon the rod withinthe drain'chamber disposed to close the opening between the cylinder anddrainage-chamber when the drain is opened and to move against pressurefrom the cylinder, a supply-chamber com in u nicating normally with thecylinder at both sides of the piston, and means for alternately openingand venting the cylinder at the opposite side of the piston from thecommunication with the drain-chamber, to reciprocate the piston andalternately operate the valves carried thereby.

16. A device of the class described, comprising a casing includingacylinder, a piston in the cylinder, a drain-chamber communicating withthe cylinder and having a drainopening, a rod for the piston extendinginto the drain-chamber and adapted to open and close the drain-openingas the piston is reciprocated, a valve upon the piston-rod and lyingwithin the drain-chamber for movement under the influence ofsupply-pressure to open and close communication between the chamber andcylinder, asupply-chamber connected with the cylinder below the pistonand through the cylinder with the 'drain chamber, a valved chamberhaving spaced valve-seats, an opening between the valvechamber'andcylinder and located between the valve-seats of the chamber, saidvalvechamber having communication through one of the seats with thesupply-chamber and through the other seat with a vent, and a valve forengagement with the seats alternately to shift the balance of pressureto opposite sides of the piston to more it and the valves operatedthereby.

17. A water-supplysystem, comprising a service-pipe, a supply-pipe, acut-off and drain connecting the pipes, a thermostat connected with thecut-ofi and drain for operating them, a faucet connected with thesupply-pipe and having a valved air'inlet, a tank, a drain for the tank,avalve for the drain, means for opening the valve and means operated byservice-pipe pressure for holding the operating means normallyinoperative.

18. In a water-supply system, the combination with service and supplypipes, cut-off and drain valves for controlling the comm unication ofthe supply-pipe with the service-pipe and the drain from the latter, anda means operated by a preponderance of pressure on the one or the otherof its sides for operating said val es,of means forshiftingsaid pressnre automatically, including a valve which controls access of thepressure medium, a thermostat, and connections between said thermostatand valve, said connections including a releasing means which isactuated by said thermostat to free the valve from the influence of thethermostat upon a predetermined change in temperature, substantially asdescribed.

19. In a water-su pply system, the com bination with the service andsupply pipes, cut-E and drain valves for controlling the communicationof the supply-pipe with the servicepipe and opening and closing thedrain from the latter, a means operated under the infinence of apreponderance of pressure on one or I which in one position causes thepreponderance of pressure to be below said means and when in the otherposition causes said preponderance to be above saidmeans, a thermostat,a rod connected with said valve and held by the action of the thermostatwhen the latter is expanded and released therefrom when the thermostatis contracted, and means for moving said valve from one to the other ofits positions when said rod is released.

20. In a water-supply system, the combination with the service andsupply pipes, cut-ofi and drain valves for controlling the communicationof the supply-pipe with the servicepipe and opening and closing thedrain from the latter, and a means operated under the influence of apreponderance of pressure on one or the other of its sides for operatingsaid valves, of devices for controlling said preponderance of pressure,said devices including a valve which in one position causes thepreponderance of pressure .to be below said means and in the other ofits positions causes said preponderance to be above said means, avalve-rod, a pivoted lever pivot-ally attached to said rod, athermostat, a catch controlled by said thermostat, a rod connected withsaid lever and held by said catch when the thermostat is expanded so asthereby to hold the valve in one of its positions, and means for forcingthe valve to the other of its positions when the contraction of saidthermostat has for controlling the action of said cut-oft and drainvalves, said controlling means includ- -in g a valve, a device operablemanually to adjust said valve to one of its positions, and a thermostatwhich when expanded will hold said device and thereby the valve in saidadjusted position.

22. An automatic cut-off and drain apparatus, comprising a casingincluding a cylinder, a drain-chamber communicating with the cylinderand having a drain-openin g, a piston in said cylinder, cut-ofl? anddrain valves connected with said piston, a supply-chamber connected withthe cylinder below the piston, a valved chamber having spaced valvedseats, said chamber having communication with said cylinder abovethepiston by means of an opening located in a plane between said seats, andalso having communication through one of its seats with saidsupply-chamber and through its other seat with a vent, a valve forengagement with the seats alternately to shift the balance of pressureto opposite sides of said piston, a spring tending to press said valvetoward one of its seats, and devices for holding said valve against theaction of said spring and automaticallyreleasing the valve when the sameshould be adjusted, comprising a pivoted lever pivotally connected withsaid valve, a thermostat, a catch controlled by said thermostat, and-anadjustable device connected with said lever and adapted to said catch,so as to be held thereby in one position when the thermostat is expandedand released therefrom when the thermostat is contracted.

23. In a cut-01f and drain mechanism for water-supply systems, thecombination with supply and service pipes, a casing disposedinconnection with saidpipes, and valvular mechanism for controllingcut-off and drain ports,said valvular mechanism being actuable under theinfluence of preponderance of pressure on one or the other side, ofmechanism for controlling access of water to said casing so as tothereby control said preponderance of pressure, including a valve, athermostat and means by which the valve is freed .from the thermostatunder the influence of a predetermined change in temperature on thelatter.

24. In a cutoff and drain mechanism for water-supply systems, thecombination'with supply and service pipes, a casing disposed inconnection with said pipes and valvular mechanism in said casing forcontrolling cutoff and drain ports, said valvular mechanism beingactuable by a preponderance of pressure on one or the other side, ofmechanism for controlling access of water to said casing so as tothereby control said preponderance ICC of pressure, including a valve, aconnecting means by which the valve maybe adjusted manually, and athermostat having a catch to engage said connecting means and thereby.hold and release said valve. I j

25. In a cut-off and drain mechanism for Water-supply systems, thecombination with supply and service pipes, a casing disposed inconnection with said pipes and valvular mechanism in said casing forcontrolling cutoff and drain ports, said valvular mechanism beingactuable by a preponderance of pres- IlO water-supply systems, thecombination with supply and service pipes, a casing disposed inconnection with said pipes and valvular mechanism in said casing forcontrolling cutoff and drain ports, said valvular mechanism beingactuable by a preponderance of pressure on one or the other side, ofmechanism for controlling access of water to said casing so as tothereby control said preponderance of pressure, including areciprocatory valve, a spring tending to press said valve in onedirection, and thermostatic means acting in opposition to said spring:and embracing a thermostatic rod having a catch at one end, a sleevecontiguous to said catch, and a connection between said valve and rod,including a longiludinally-movable rod within said sleeve, confined inits movements thereby and adapted to said catch so to be held therebywhen the thermostatic rod is expanded and released therefrom when thesame is contracted, and a handle by which said rod may be raisedmanually when it is released from said catch.

27. In a cut-off and drain mechanism for water-supply systems, thecombination with supply and service pipes, a casing disposed inconnection with said pipes, and valvular mechanism in said casing forcontrolling cutoil" and drain ports, said valvular mechanism beingactuable by a preponderance of pressure on one or the other side, ofvalve mechanism for controlling access of water to said 'casing so as tothereby control said preponderance of pressure, comprising areciprocatory valve, a pivoted lever pivoted to the stem of said valve,a spring tending to press said valve in one direction, a thermostathaving a catch, a longitudisally-movable rod adapted to said catch so asto be held thereby and hold the valve against the action of said springwhen the thermostat is expanded, a flexible connection between saidpivoted lever and rod, a separate lever, and a flexible connectionbetween the latter lever and said pivoted lever.

28. The combination with the cut-off and drain valves of a water-supplysystem, of a means for controlling the action of said valves, saidcontrolling means including a valve, a

device connected therewith and adjustable manually to adjust said valveto one of its positions, a thermostat which holds said device and valvenormally in said adjusted position, and automatically releases the sameunder the in fluence of temperature,and a supplemental device forthrowing the system into service temporarily when the first-mentioneddevice is released from said thermostat, said supplemental device alsobeing connected with the valve of the controlling means, and theconnections of said devices with said valve being such that neither ofsaid devices interferes with the manual adjustment of the other.

29. In a water-supply system, the combination with the service andsupply pipes, cutoff and drain valves for controlling the communicationof the supply-pipe with the service-pipe and opening and closing thedrain from the latter, and means operated under the influence of apreponderance of pressure on one or the other of its sides for operatingsaid valves, of devices for controlling said preponderance of pressure,said devices ineluding a valve which in one position causes thepreponderance of pressure to be on one side of said means and in theother of its positions causes said preponderance to be on the other sideof said means, a valve-rod, a lever pivoted at one end and having a bentfree end and pivotally attached to said rod between its ends, a deviceadjustable manually in one direction, a thermostat operable to hold saiddevice in adjusted position and torelease it under certain conditions oftemperature, a flexible means connecting said device with said lever, asupplemental adjustable device, and a flexible means connecting thelatter device with the bent end of said lever.

In testimony whereof I aftix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ROBERT F. LINDSAY.

l/Vitnesses:

J. L. MERRITT, W. O.

